The reform established by Taft that advocated for improving the lives of families, addressing abuse and neglect, and later became part of the Department of Health and Human Services is a) the Children's Bureau.
Explanation:The Children's Bureau was a reform established by President William Howard Taft in 1912. It aimed to improve the lives of children and families by addressing issues such as child labor, abuse, and neglect. The bureau's primary focus was on protecting the welfare of children and ensuring their healthy development.
The Children's Bureau played a crucial role in advocating for child welfare policies and implementing programs to support families in need. Over time, its responsibilities and programs expanded to include various aspects of family and child well-being.
As for the other options provided:
The Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act (b) was a tariff legislation signed by President Taft in 1909 and aimed to revise and adjust tariff rates. It was not directly related to improving the lives of families or addressing abuse and neglect.
The Federal Reserve system (c) was established in 1913 and aimed to stabilize the banking and monetary system. It was not specifically focused on family welfare or addressing abuse and neglect.
The food and Drug Administration (d) was established in 1906, preceding Taft's presidency. Its main role is to protect public health by ensuring the safety and effectiveness of food, drugs, and medical devices. While it plays a vital role in public health, it is not directly associated with the mentioned objectives of improving family lives and addressing abuse and neglect.
Therefore, the best answer is a) the Children's Bureau, as it aligns with the mentioned goals and eventually became part of the Department of Health and Human Services, which oversees various programs related to family well-being and social services.